停车收费及管理策略(英文PPT).ppt 26页

Parkingpricingandmanagement ParkingpolicyProblems–negativeimpactsTypicalpolicydevelopmentPolicyconflictsWhatdolocalauthoritiescontrol?Regulatingandenforcingon-streetparkingOff-streetparkingEffectofparkingoneconomicvitalityParkandrideGainingacceptanceforparkingpolicySomeconclusions StructureofseminarAttheendoftoday’sclassyoushouldhaveanunderstandingof:SomedefinitionsParking–positiveandnegativeimpactsTypicalpolicydevelopment,andpolicyconflictsWhatdolocalauthoritiescontrol?Regulatingandenforcingon-streetparkingOff-streetparking–types,costs,control,usesEffectofparkingoneconomicvitalityParkandrideGainingpublicacceptanceforparkingpolicyLectureandtutorialstogetyouworkingwiththematerial SomedefinitionsOn-streetPublicoff-streetPublicoff-street(canbeinparkingstructures)Privatenon-residential(PNR)Payanddisplayparkingmeter PositiveimpactsofparkingpolicyHasanimpactonmodeshareCansupportlocaleconomicdevelopmentMajorrevenueearnerImprovesroadsafetyInfluencescarownership NegativeimpactsofparkingEffectofonstreetparking(andparkingsearch)on:congestion,roadsafetyenvironmentblockingbuslanesandstops;footwaysandcrossingsOff-street:ConstructioncostsandspaceusedSurface-€3k/spaceStructure–€15-20k/spaceUnderground-€25k/spaceupwardsPeakcarjourneysinduced–esp.byPNR TaskForyourtownorcity,whatarethekeyproblemsandissuesrelatedtoparking?Take10minutesworkingwithyourneighbourtothinkaboutthis.Thenwewilldiscussthis,tolookforcommonalities–anddifferences. PolicyconflictsEconomicvitalityDemand/congestionmanagementRevenueraisingSafety/accessibility? TypicaldevelopmentofaparkingpolicyFromCOST342(especiallyrelevanttoon-streetpolicy)Stage1–noproblems,Stage2–asdemand>supply,regulationsintroducedStage3-demandfurtherincreases–timelimitsintroducedtofavourshortstayshoppers,visitorsStage4–commuterspushedfurtherout–conflictwithresidents–residents’zonesintroducedStage5–moreandmoredifferentiationofparkingtariffsStage6–parkandride.Stage7–inclusionofparkinginmobilitymanagement Whatdolocalauthoritiescontrol?Theycontrol:Regulationofon-streetparking(Inafewcountries)enforcementofon-streetparkingParkingstandardsfornewdevelopmentPublicoff-streetcarparksthattheyownand/orrunCarparksfortheirownstaffBUTtheydon’tcontrol:PNRandresidentialparking,oncebuiltPublicoff-streetcarparksthattheydon’townand/orrun(Inmostcountries)enforcementofon-streetparking–includingsettingfinesandcollectingmoney So…parkingpoliciestomanagedemand Regulating/enforcingon-streetparkingEnforcementpowersDifferencesacrossEuropeTrend(?)frompolicetolocalauthorityParkinglowpriorityforpoliceandcourtsE.g.ofUKdecriminalisedparkingsystemLocalauthoritiesacrossEuropehavepowersCantaketimetoimplementConsultation Someon-streetparkingpricesFeeperhour(€)(2002)Vienna0.87Brussels0.50Paris1.00–3.00Lyon1.50–5.00Bremen0.60–1.50Cologne1.00–2.00Stuttgart0.20–2.00Munich2.00–2.50Dublin1.00–1.90Amsterdam1.60-2.50Maastricht1.40Lisbon0.50Madrid0.60–1.20Barcelona0.90–1.20Edinburgh1.20–3.00CentralLondon7.00 Off-streetparkingWhobuildsoff-streetpublicparking?Whopaysforit?Howmuchdoesitcost?Off-streetparkingforresidents?e.g.LyonPublicoff-streetvsprivateoff-street(PNR)Majorindustry–whocontrolsit?Prices–shouldbe