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ChapterFifteen15-1
TheKeySteps:12345Validation&EditingCodingLogicalCleaningofDataTabulation&StatisticalAnalysisDataEntryOverviewoftheDataAnalysisProcedure15-2KeyTerms&Definitions
StepOne:Validation:Processofascertainingthatinterviewsactuallywereconductedasspecified.Editing:Processofascertainingthatquestionnaireswerefilledoutproperlyandcompletely.SkipPattern:Sequenceinwhichlaterquestionsareasked,basedonarespondent’sanswertoanearlierquestionorquestions.StepTwo:Coding:Processofgroupingandassigningnumericcodestothevariousresponsestoaquestion.StepThree:DataEntry:Processofconvertinginformationtoanelectronicformat.IntelligentDataEntry:Formofdataentryinwhichtheinformationbeingenteredintothedataentrydeviceischeckedforinternallogic.Scanning:Formofdataentryinwhichresponsesonquestionnairesarereadinautomaticallybythedataentrydevice.OverviewoftheDataAnalysisProcedure15-3KeyTerms&Definitions
StepFour:CleantheData:Checkfordataentryerrorsordataentryinconsistencies.LogicalorMachineCleaning:Finalcomputerizederrorcheckofdata.ErrorCheckRoutines:Computerprogramsthatacceptinstructionsfromtheusertocheckforlogicalerrorsinthedata.MarginalReport:Computer-generatedtableofthefrequenciesoftheresponsestoeachquestion,usedtomonitorentryofvalidcodesandcorrectuseofskippatterns.StepFive:DataAnalysis–e.g.OneWayFrequencyTables:Tableshowingthenumberofrespondentschoosingeachanswertoasurveyquestion.CrossTabulationTables-Examinationoftheresponsestoonequestionrelativetotheresponsestooneormoreotherquestions.OverviewoftheDataAnalysisProcedure15-4KeyTerms&Definitions
One-WayFrequencyTable15-5KeyTerms&Definitions
TheCodingProcess15-6KeyTerms&DefinitionsListresponsesConsolidateresponsesSetcodesEntercodesReadresponsestoindividualopen-endedquestionsonquestionnairesMatchindividualresponseswithconsolidatedlistofresponsecategories
TheCodingProcess15-7KeyTerms&Definitions
OneWayFrequencyTables15-8KeyTerms&Definitions
CrossTabulationsExamples15-9KeyTerms&Definitions
CrossTabulationsExamples15-10KeyTerms&Definitions
LineCharts:GraphicRepresentationsofData15-11KeyTerms&DefinitionsGoodfordemonstratinglinearrelationshipsParticularlyusefulforpresentingagivenmeasurementtakenatseveralpointsovertime
PieCharts:GraphicRepresentationsofData15-12KeyTerms&DefinitionsGoodforspecialrelationshipsamongdatapointsShouldtotalto100%
BarCharts:GraphicRepresentationsofData15-13KeyTerms&DefinitionsGoodforsidebysiderelationships/comparisonsMostflexibleofthegraphs
TypesofBarCharts:GraphicRepresentationsofDataClusterBarChartStackedBarChartMultiple-RowBarChart15-14KeyTerms&Definitions
Mean:Thesumofthevaluesforallobservationsofavariabledividedbythenumberofobservations.Median:Valuebelowwhich50percentoftheobservationsfall.Mode:Thevaluethatoccursmostfrequently.MeasuresofCentralTendencyDescriptiveStatistics15-15KeyTerms&Definitions
Variance:Thesumsofthesquareddeviationsfromthemeandividedbythenumberofobservationsminusone.Thesameformulaasstandarddeviationwiththesquaring.Range:Themaximumvalueforavariableminustheminimumvalueforthatvariable.StandardDeviation:Measureofdispersioncalculatedbysubtractingthemeanoftheseriesfromeachvalueinaseries,squaringeachresult,summingtheresults,dividingthesumbythenumberofitemsminus1,andtakingthesquarerootofthisvalue.MeasuresofDispersion15-16KeyTerms&DefinitionsThesemeasuresindicatehowspreadoutthedataare:
Descriptivestatisticsarethemostefficientmeansofsummarizingthecharacteristicsoflargesetsofdata.Inastatisticalanalysis,theanalystcalculatesonenumberorafewnumbersthatrevealsomethingaboutthecharacteristicsoflargesetsofdata.DescriptiveStatistics15-17KeyTerms&Definitions
15-18KeyTerms&DefinitionsOverviewoftheDataAnalysisProcedureValidationEditingSkipPatternCodingDataEntryIntelligentDataEntryScanningTechnologyLogicalorMachineCleaningofDataErrorCheckingRoutinesLinksandbuttonareactivewhenin“SlideShowMode”KeyTerms&DefinitionsMarginalReportOne-wayFrequencyTableCrossTabulationGraphicRepresentationsofDataDescriptiveStatisticsMeasuresofCentralTendencyMeasuresofDispersionMeanMedianMode