INTERVIEWWORKSHOP（英文PPT29 29页

IMBAPROGRAMINTERVIEWWORKSHOPNovember2002StanfordLinProjectManagerMIT-ChinaManagementEducationProjectACKNOWLEDGMENT:SelectedportionsofthispresentationhavebeenreprintedfrommaterialspublishedbytheCareerDevelopmentOfficeofMITSloan,theCareerServicesOfficeofHarvardBusinessSchoolandVault.com. OutlineIntroductionInterviewPreparationTheReceptionRoomTheInterviewAnswers,PleaseQuestions,PleaseCommonMistakesQ&A IntroductionWelcometothejobinterview!Youhaveone30-minuteopportunitytoconvinceacompletestrangerthatyouaretheirnextgreatemployee.Yourinterviewerhasprobablyalreadyseenmanypeopletoday.Eachoftheotherapplicantsissmartandambitious--justlikeyou.Whatshouldyousay?Whatshouldyoudo? IntroductionYourgoalintheinterviewistoshow:1.Youarequalifiedtodothejob2.Youaremotivatedtodothejob3.YouareagoodfitwiththecompanystructureandcultureHowdoyoudothis? InterviewPreparationDecidewhatyouwanttosayinadvanceThinkoftheinterviewlikea30-minutecommercialPrepare2-3sellingpointsandexamples/evidencePreparetoanswercommonquestionsResearchthecompanyVisitthecompanywebsiteReadanindustryjournalSpeaktopeopleatthefirmorclassmatesPreparequestionstoaskDopracticeinterviews(IMPORTANT!) TheReceptionRoomDon’tbelateBringsomethingtoreadBepolitetoeveryoneMovefirsttogreettheinterviewerSmileandmakeeyecontactUseafirm,one-handedhandshake TheInterviewUseappropriatebodylanguageSitupstraightanddonotcrossyourarmsMaintaineyecontactMaintainapleasantfacialexpressionReadyourinterviewer-listenactivelyandadjustyouractionsaccordinglyIfyougetadifficultquestion,say:“That’saninterestingquestion,letmethinkaboutitforawhile”.Thentake5-10secondstopreparearesponse. Answers,Please(1of10)Tellmeaboutyourself?Bepreparedtogiveashortintroductionofyourself–mentionyourkeysellingpointshere.Butdonotsimplyrepeatwhatisonyourresume.Whydoyouwantthisjob?Whydoyouwanttoworkforthiscompany?Stressthepositiveaspectswhichhaveattractedyoutoapplyforthejob.Donotmentionthenegativeaspectsofyourpreviousjob.Emphasizethepositivereasonswhyyouwanttojointheircompany;talkaboutwhatyouknowaboutthecompanyandwhyyouareagoodfitforthecompany.Whatqualitiesdoyouthinkwillberequiredforthisjob?Thejobpostingmayanswerthis,butyoushouldalsothinkoftheotherqualitiesthatmayberequired.Thesemayincludeleadershipability,supervisoryskills,communicationskills,interpersonalskills,problemsolving,analyticalskills,etc.Whatcanyoucontribute?Thisisyourchancetosellyourself.Tellthemaboutyourachievementsinyourpreviousposition(s)whicharerelevanttothenewpositionyouareapplyingfor.Whatdoyouknowaboutthiscompany?Whatinterestsyouaboutourproductsandservices?Impresstheinterviewerwithyourknowledgeoftheircompany.Brieflydescribetheirproducts/services,customers,news,financials,etc. Answers,Please(2of10)Whatcanourcompanyofferthatyourpreviouscompanycannotoffer?Becarefulhere--donotmentionmoney.Stressopportunitiesforpersonalgrowth,newchallenges,etc.Youhavenotdonethissortofjobbefore.Howwillyousucceed?Saythatyouarethesortofpersonwhotriestosucceedateverythingyoudoandthatyouareverydeterminedandwilldowhateverittakestogetthejobdone.Whyshouldweemployyou?Theanswertothisquestionshouldbasedonyourpreviousexperienceandachievementswhichrelatetothecompany.Attheendyoucouldaddthatyouthinkthereisagoodfitbetweenyouandthejob.Howlongdoyouthinkitwouldbebeforeyouweremakingasignificantcontributiontothecompany?Ifyouthinkthatyoucouldcontributefromdayonethensayso.Thenturnthequestionroundontheinterviewerandaskhowsoonwouldtheyexpectit.Whatdoyoulikeanddislikeaboutthejobwearediscussing?Likes:Stressthingssuchasanewchallengeortheopportunitytobringfreshexperiencetothecompany.Dislikes:Implythereisnothingtodislikeaboutthejob,whichiswhyyouaresointerested. Answers,Please(3of10)Whyareyouchangingcareers?Thisquestionwillbeaskedifyouaremakingacareerchange.Bepositiveaboutyourreasonsforchoosingyourpreviouscareer.Thenstressthepositiveaspectsofacareerchange(e.g.,lookingforanewchallenge)ratherthanthenegativeaspectsofyourpreviouscareer-youdonotwanttocomeacrossassomeonewhoismovingjustbecauseyouhateyouroldjob.Discusswhyyouthinkyouwillbegoodinthenewcareer–youshouldprobablydiscussyourexperience,achievementsandskills(e.g.,leadershipskills).Howmuchdoesyourlastjobresembletheoneyouareapplyingfor?Whatarethedifferences?Theintervieweristryingtoseehowwellyouwouldfitintotheposition.Youshouldstressthesimilaritiesratherthanthedifferences.Whenitcomestodiscussingthedifferencesitwillhelpifyoucanshowthateitheryouhavedonesomethingsimilarinthepastorthatyoucanquicklypickupthenewskills.Whatdoyouthinkofthelastcompanyyouworkedfor?Whydidyoujointhem?Didtheyliveuptoyourexpectations?Whyareyouleavingnow?Alwaysbepositiveaboutyourreasonsforjoiningandleavingacompany.Donotsayanythingnegativeaboutyourformeremployer.Youshouldstressthepositiveaspectsofyourformercompanysayingthattheywereagoodcompanytoworkfor.Tellthemaboutthetrainingyoureceivedortheexperienceyougained.Then,saythatyouarelookingforanewchallengeandthatyoufeelthatthenewcompanywillofferthistypeofchallenge. Answers,Please(4of10)Explaintheorganizationalstructureinyourlastcompanyandhowyoufitintoit?Thisquestionmaybeusedtofindoutwhetheryouroldjobisatacomparableleveltoyournewjob.Ifthenewjobbeingdiscussedwouldbeastepupyouwillneedtoshowthatyouarereadyforamoredemandingposition.Youmaybeabletoshowthatyouhavealreadyhadmanyoftheresponsibilitiesandthenecessaryskillswhichwouldberequiredforthenextstep.Whatareyoulookingforinanewjob?Makesureyouranswermatchesthecompanywhoisinterviewingyou.Asuitablereplywouldbethatyouarelookingforanewjobwhereyoucanapplyyourexistingskillsandlearnnewones.Whatwouldyouridealjobbe?Describeyouridealjobintermsofthecriteriathecompanyhasusedtodescribethejobyouareapplyingfor.Anidealjobmightincludethingslikechallengingwork,payforperformance,nicecolleagues,goodcareerprospects,goodteamatmosphere,opportunitytolearnnewskills,applyoldskills,etc.Doyouprefertoworkinasmall,mediumorlargecompany?Ifthecompanyinterviewingyouisasmalltomediumsizedcompanysaythatyouenjoyacloseatmospherewithagoodteamspirit.Atalargecompanysaythatyouenjoythestabilityofworkingforalargeandestablishedcompany. Answers,Please(5of10)Whatdidyoudoonadaytodaybasis?Stressthepositivethingsyoudidincludingyourachievements.Evenifsomeormuchofitwaspaperwork,youcanstillshowyourinterestinthewayitwasperformed.Whatdidyouthinkofyourpreviousmanager?Saythathe/shewasthesortofpersonyoucouldlearnfromandyoucommunicatedwell,whichmeantthatthetaskinhandwascompletedontime.Howwouldyoudescribeyourself?Howwouldothersdescribeyou?Pickyourbestattributesandachievementsfromyourcareer.Areyoualeader?Statehowyouhavesuccessfullyactedasaleader,givingexamplesofyoursuccesses.Doyouconsideryourselfsuccessful?Youshouldsayyoudo.Picksomeworkrelatedachievementsthatareinlinewiththepositionthatyouarediscussing.Whatwasyourgreatestsuccess?Howdidyouachieveit?Youshouldpickanachievementwhichisrelatedtotheirneeds. Answers,Please(6of10)Whatareyourweaknesses?Howcouldyouimproveyourself?Whatproblemsdidyouencounterinyourlastjob?Thesequestionstestakeybusinessskill--marketing.Sothereshouldbenonegativeswhenyouaremarketingyourself.Turnaweaknessintoastrength.Thinkofsomethingthatmighthavebeenaminordifficultyinthepast,andhowyoucorrectedthesituation.Forexample,youmightmentionthatyoupreviouslyhadafearofpublicspeaking,thatyourecognizedthisproblem,tookstepstofixthesituation(suchastakingcommunicationscourses,orjoiningastudentclubordidthingsatyourpreviousjobwhichinvolvedpublicspeaking),andnowconsideryourselfmuchimprovedinthisarea.Anotherexample:"I"maneffectiveleader.Iwastheheadofmyfinancestudygroup.ButIoccasionallytrytodotoomuchmyself.Irecognizedthis,andtowardtheendofthesemester,Ibegantodelegatemore."Forproblemsatyourlastjob--mentiononlytheproblemsthatyouwereabletosolve,i.e."IhadproblemX,whichIlatermanagedtoresolvebydoingY".Thisshowsthatyouareapersonwhocansolveproblemsratherthansomeonewholetsthingsgetontopofthem.Donotusecommonanswerslike“MyweaknessisthatIworktoohard”,etc.Thesehavebeenusedtoomuchinthepastandeveryoneknowsthem. Answers,Please(7of10)Howdoyouhandlecriticism?Youranswercouldbe:"IalwaysthinkthatitisimportanttogetfeedbackonhowIamperformingsothatIcanimproveanyareaswhichmymanager/supervisorhighlights.Doyouhaveregularstaffappraisalsandastaffdevelopmentplan?“Whatsortofmanagerareyou?Whatmakesagoodmanager?Agoodmanagerisonewholistenstootherpeopleandcandelegatewhilemaintainingoverallcontrolofthetaskathand,bringingintheprojectontimeandtobudget.Goodplanningskillsareessential.Doyouneedotherpeoplearoundtostimulateyouorareyouself-motivated?Canyouactonyourowninitiative?Youneedtosaythatyouareself-motivated.Areyouacceptedintoateamquickly?Youshouldanswer"Yes"anddescribepreviousteamexperiences.Howdoyourunameeting?Youcouldsaythatyoumuststartwithanagendaandsticktoit.Youcouldaddthatyouwouldtrytogettheviewsandideasfromeveryonepresent.Ifpeoplemovedoffatatangentyouwouldbringthembacktotheitembeingdiscussed.Whatmanagementstylegetsthebestresultsoutofyou?Tryandthinkabouthowyouhavereactedtodifferentmanagersandwhichfactorshavemotivatedyou.Besureyouranswermatchesthemanagementstyleofthecompanyyouareapplyingto! Answers,Please(8of10)Whatmotivatesyou?Discusscareergrowth,opportunitytolearnnewskills,goodco-workers,etc.Doyouknowhowtomotivateotherpeople?Youshouldanswer"Yes",andsaythatyouhavetofindoutwhatmotivatesapersonandgivethemrecognitionforajobwelldone.Youshouldalwaysgivethemencouragementandhelpthemwhenrequired.Areyoucompetitive?Youranswerdependonthesortofjobyouaredoing.Ifyouwillbeworkingaspartofateamyouwillneedtoshowthatyoucanworkinthebestinterestsoftheteamandnotjustforyourownbenefit.Areyouaggressive?Youcouldanswer–“Ifyoumeanbythissomeonewhogetsthingsdone,thentheanswerisyes.”Whatdoyoudislikedoing?Saythatyouarepreparedtodowhateverittakestogetthejobdonewellandontimeandtrytododisagreeablethingsfirsttogetthemoutofthewayratherthanputtingthemoff.Whatwouldyouliketoavoidinyournextjob?Youshouldbepositivehereandsaythatthereisnothinginparticularthatyouwouldliketoavoid. Answers,Please(9of10)Doyoufeelyouarereadytotakeongreaterresponsibilities?Showhowyouhaveprogressedthroughoutyourlifeandhowyouhaveacceptedandtakenonresponsibilityfortheactionsofyourselfandothers.Ifyouhavenotreallyhadmanyworkrelatedresponsibilitiesyoucanmentionotherresponsibilitiesyouhavehadoutsidework.Canyouworkunderpressure?Youneedtosaythatyoucanworkunderpressure–andperhapsgiveanexamplewhereyoudidso.Howmanyhoursareyoupreparedtowork?Youwouldbepreparedtoworkthenecessaryhourstogetthejobdoneontime.Doyoumindworkingforsomeoneolder/youngerthanyourself?Hereyoushouldsaythatyouarepreparedtoworkwithanyone.Whatareyourcareergoals?Discussgoalsthatarealignedwiththecompanywhoisinterviewingyou.Howdidyougetonwithyourpreviousmanager,co-workersandsubordinates?Hopefullyyoucansaythatyougotonwellwitheveryone.Howlongwillyoustayinthisjob?Statethatyouarelookingforalong-termopportunitywhereyoucanlearnanddevelop. Answers,Please(10of10)Areyoutoooldforthisjob?Areyoutooyoungforthisjob?Olderapplicant--Statethatyoufeelthatyourextraexperiencewouldenableyoutomakeabiggercontributiontotheircompanysoonerthansomeoneyoungerandlessexperienced.Youngerapplicant–State"No,Idonotthinkso!"thenstatethereasonwhyyouarenottooyoung(e.g.,youhavegainedalotofexperienceinashorttime).Whatinterestsdoyouhaveoutsidework?Yourhobbiesandinterestscantellanemployeralotaboutyou,includingwhetheryouaresociableorsolitary,andwhetheryoucantakeon"leadership"roles.Soyoushouldthinkaboutwhichinterestswillpainttherightpictureofyougiventhepositionyouarediscussing.Whatlevelofsalaryareyoulookingfornow?Becarefulhere-youdonotwanttoappeargreedy.Ifyouareapplyingforaspecificjobyoucouldaskthemwhatthesalaryrangeis.Oncetheyhaveansweredyoucouldsay"Ithinkmyexperiencewouldplacemeatthetopendofyourrange,don"tyou?"Iftheyaskyouthisquestionearlyonintheinterviewyoucoulddelayansweringbysaying"Itishardtodiscusssalarywithoutfirstknowingalittlebitmoreaboutthejobandtheresponsibilities." Questions,PleaseWhatdoyoulikeanddislikeaboutyourjob/company?Whatsurprisedyouaboutyourjobandthecompany?Howwouldyoudescribethefirm"sculture?Havetherebeenanymajorchangesinthecompany’scultureinthelastfewyears?WhatarecommonmistakesMBAsmake?Iamreallyinterestedinlearningmoreaboutyourfunction/industry:howshouldIgoaboutit?Ifanewhirewasaspectacularsuccessinthispositionaftersixmonths,whatwouldheorshehaveaccomplished?What"satypicaldayforanewemployeeinthisposition?Howaredeals/projectsstaffed?WhattypeoftrainingshouldIexpect?Howwillmyworkbeevaluated? InterviewEndReiterateyourinterestinthecompanyReiterate1-2ofyoursellingpointsSaygoodbyeasyousaidhelloDonotaskhowyoudidintheinterview AftertheInterviewKeepnotesabouttheinterviewSendthank-youlettersThankinterviewerfortimeandinterestMention1-2interviewhighlightsReiterateinterestinthejobandthecompanyKeeplettershortandavoidexcessiveflatteryEvenifyoudon’tgetthejob,youmightconsideraskingforfeedbacktohelpyouinfutureinterviews CommonMistakesBeingunpreparedNotusingtimeefficientlyPoorhandshake/badbodylanguageSayingnegativethingsaboutpastjobsBeingtoopassive….ortooarrogantDiscussingsalary,workhoursorvacationtime Questions&Answers ConsultingQuestionsFOCUS:problemsolvingskills,leadership,teamwork,abilitytopersuadeothersGiveanexampleofananalyticalchallengeyouhavefaced,howyouaddressedit,andhowitwasresolved.Whatdoyouthinkittakestobeasuccessfulconsultant?Areyoucomfortablewiththetravelrequirementsandlifestyleaspectsofworkasaconsultant?Discussyourstylebothasateammemberandasateamleader.Tellmehowyouwouldansweraclientwhoasks“You’veneverworkedinmyindustry,howcanyoupossiblehelpme?” EntertainmentQuestionsFOCUS:passionforindustry,creativity,willingnesstostartinnon-glamourrole,pastexperiencewithmediacontentWhyareyouinterestedintheentertainmentindustry?Whatsectorareyouinterestedin(film,music,etc.)?Whattrademagazinesorjournalsdoyouread?Whatdidyouthinkabouttherecentarticleabout____?HowmanyCDs/videos/DVDsdoyouown?Whatkindofmusic/films/TVdoyoulistentoorwatch?Whatwasyourfavoritemovie/TVshow?Wasitsuccessful?Whyorwhynot?Howwouldyouhaveimprovedit?Givemeanexampleofatimewhenyouhavebeenmostcreative?WhydidyougetanMBA?Howwillithelpyouinthisindustry?Whatisyourgoalinthisindustry? HighTechQuestionsFOCUS:flexibility,understandingofandpassionfortechnology,creativity,marketingpointofview,strategicthinkingandentrepreneurshipWhocouldyouseeoutcompanybeinginastrategicalliancewith?Why?Whyhightech?Wheredoyouwanttobeinthisindustry?Whoareourcompetitors,whataretheircompetitiveadvantagesandwhatareours?Whatexcitesyouaboutthisindustry?Whatroledoyouwantinthiscompany?Haveyouseenourwebsite?Whatdoyouthinkofit?Howwouldyougrowourbusiness?Givemeanexampleofwhereyouusedtechnologytosolveaproblem. InvestmentBankingQuestionsFOCUS:passionforfinance,commitmenttoindustry,deepunderstandingofcompetitors,financialskills,willingnesstoworklonghours,clientskills,initiativeWhyinvestmentbankinginsteadofotherfinancejobs?Describeyourquantitativeskills.Whyjoinusinsteadofourcompetitors?Tellmeaboutthetimeyouworkedthehardestinyourlife.Tellmeaboutatimeyouhavehadtodevelopormanageclientrelationships.Whatstocksdoyoufollowandwhy?Whatwasourstockpriceyesterday?Ifyouwerescheduledtoattendacousin’sbirthdaypartyandyouwereclosingadeal,howwouldyouhandlethisschedulingconflict?Wheredoyouwanttobeafterfiveyearsinthiscompany? AssetManagementQuestionsFOCUS:passionforinvesting,financialanalysisskills,abilitytotakerisks,skillsininfluencingothers,abilitytorecoverandlearnfrommistakesWhyassetmanagementinsteadofotherfinancejobs?Whatisyourapproachininvesting?Tellmeaboutyourmostrecentbuy/selldecisionandwhyyoumadeit.Tellmeaboutabaddecisionyoumadeinyourlifeandwhatyoudidaboutit.Doyouliketogamble/takerisks?Givemeanexample.Whatstockdoyoulikeandwhy?Describeasituationinwhichitwasdifficulttoobtaininformationyouneeded,andhowyoudidit.Describeasituationinwhichyoutookapositionotherpeopledidnotsupport.Describeasituationinwhichyouhadtosellyourideas. ManufacturingQuestionsFOCUS:passionformanufacturing,abilitytorelatetodifferentkindsofpeople,desiretobeageneralmanagerWhymanufacturinginsteadofotherjobs?Wheredoyouwanttobeinfiveyears?Givemeanexampleofatoughmanagementchallengeyouhavefaced.Talktomeabouthowyourelatetopeoplewhoaredifferentfromyou.Howdidyoulikeyouroperationsmanagementcourse?Whatdidyoulikeaboutit?Givemeanexampleofatimewhenyoudemonstratedleadership. MarketingQuestionsFOCUS:creativity,initiative,interestedingeneralmanagement,leadership,interpersonalskills,interestinconsumerbehaviorGivemeanexampleofaproblemyousolvedusingcreativity.Givemeanexampleofatimeyouinnovatedandimprovedaproductorprocess.Howdoyoumotivateothers?Givemeanexampleofadifficultmanagementsituationyouhavefacedandhowyoudealtwithit.Givemeanexampleofaleadershiproleyouhavehad.Givemeanexampleofanadvertisingcampaignyoudidnotlikeandtellmehowyouwouldimproveit.Whatwasyourfavoriteproductlaunchinthelastfewyears?Whydidyoulikeit?