莎士比亚,英文PPT.ppt 57页

WilliamShakespeare-----ThepeakofHumanism WilliamShakespeare1564-1616“Alltheworld"sastage,Andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers.” MainContents1.Shakespeare"sliteraryposition2.Shakespeare"sLegendlife3.Shakespeare"smasterpiece 1.Shakespeare"sliterarypositionInwesternliteraryhistory,onlyveryindividualwritershavequalifiedsay:withouthim,theliteraturewillbecomeanotherway.Shakespeareisoneofthemostqualified.Shakespeareisthegreatestplaywrightandpoetintheworldofthehistory. 2.Shakespeare"slife(1564-1616)Birthplace BorninWarwickshireThe3rdof8kidsMarriedatage18Workedasanactorbefore1590. ThehomeofMaryArden,weeWillyShakespeare"smother"shouse AnneHathaway"s[Shakespeare"swife]cottage TheAvonRiver,nearStratford-upon-Avon. HenleyStreet,Stratford-upon-Avon Thesonofgroceriesbusinessmaninthetown,18marriedLeavinghomeforLondontomakelivingatabout22,doingasthegroom,DickinsonStartingwritingplaysatabout30yearsold5yearslater,becoming"universal"shareholderoftroupe. TheNewGlobeTheater ThelifeofShakespeareArriveinLondonin1586Well-knownin1581Diedonthe23rdofApril,1616 ThetombofShakespeare Arespectedpoetandplaywrightinhisownday,buthisreputationdidnotrisetoitspresentheightsuntilthe19thcentury.Hisworkwasrepeatedlyadoptedandrediscoveredbynewmovementsinscholarshipandperformance.Hisplaysremainhighlypopulartodayandareconstantlystudied,performedandreinterpretedindiverseculturalandpoliticalcontextsthroughouttheworld AbouthisworksTheworksofWilliamShakespeareareagreatlandmarkinthehistoryofworldliterature.Hewasthefirstfoundersofrealism(现实主义)，amasterhoodatrealisticportrayalofhumancharactersandrelations.KarlMarxregardedAeschylusandShakespeareas“thetwogreatestdramaticgeniusestheworldhaseverknow.”Shakespearetookstoriesfromoldsourcessuchasolddrama,novel,chronicles(编年史)andfolklegends.（民间传说)UnderShakespeare’spen,thosestoriesassumednewmeaningandsignificance. Intheexpressionofart,heinheritedthreetraditionsofthedramasofancientGreeceandRome,medievalBritainandtheEuropeanRenaissanceanddeveloped,innovatingcreativelyfromthecontenttotheform.Hisplaystryhardtoreflectthetruelifeandexploretheinnermysteries,thuscanfigureoutmanydiverseandcomplexpersonalities,vividcharactersthatrepresentthetypicalfigureandsociallife. Duringthetwenty-twoyearsofhisliteraryworkheproduced37plays,twonarrativepoemsand154sonnets.Hisliteraryworkmaybedividedintothreemajorperiods：Thefirstperiod(1590-1600)Thesecondperiod(1601-1608)Thethirdperiod(1609-1612) Hisearlyplaysweremainlycomediesandhistories,heraisedtothepeakofsophisticationandartistry（复杂性和艺术性）bytheendofthesixteenthcentury.Hethenwrotemainlytragediesuntilabout1608,includingHamlet(1601),Othello(1604),KingLear(1605),andMacbeth(1605),consideredsomeofthefinestworksintheEnglishlanguage 3.Shakespeare"swriting1)154sonnets,twolongpoem poetry十四行诗（TheSonnets）爱人的怨诉（ALover"sComplaint）鲁克丽丝失贞记（TheRapeofLucrece）维纳斯和阿多尼斯（VenusandAdonis）热情的朝圣者（ThePassionatePilgrim凤凰和斑鸠（ThePhoenixandtheTurtle） Sonnet:alyricpoemcomprising3quatrainswitharhymingschemeababcdcdefefAndacoupletrhyminggg Sonnet18WilliamShakespeareShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate:SometimetoohottheeyeoftheheavenshinesAndoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimmed;Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st;Norshalldeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st:Solongasamancanbreathe,oreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslivetothee. ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?能否把你与夏日相比？Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:你却比炎夏更可爱温婉；RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,狂风摧残五月的蓓蕾，Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate 夏日的时光何其短暂。Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,休恋那丽日当空，Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;转眼又云雾迷蒙；Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,休叹百花凋零，Bychance,ornatureschangingcourseuntrimed摧残于无常即或天命。 ThefurthestdistanceintheworldIsnotwhenIstandinfrontofyouYetyoucan"tseemyloveButwhenundoubtedlyknowingthelovefrombothYetcannotbetogetherThefurthestdistanceintheworldIsnotbeingapartwhilebeinginloveButwhenpainlycannotresisttheyearningYetpretendingyouhaveneverbeeninmyheartThefurthestdistanceintheworldIsnotbutusingone"sindifferentheartTodiganuncrossableriverFortheonewholovesyou 世界上最遥远的距离不是我就站在你面前你却不知道我爱你而是明明知道彼此相爱却不能在一起世界上最遥远的距离不是明明知道彼此相爱却不能在一起而是明明无法抵挡这股思念却还得故意装作丝毫没有把你放在心里世界上最遥远的距离不是明明无法抵挡这股思念却还得故意装作丝毫没有把你放在心里而是用自己冷漠的心对爱你的人掘了一条无法跨越的沟渠 2)HistoriesRepresentativeworks:HenryIVRichardIII histories亨利四世，第一卷（HenryIV,part1）亨利四世，第二卷（HenryIV,part2）亨利五世（HenryV）亨利六世，第一卷（HenryVI,part1）亨利六世，第二卷（HenryVI,part2）亨利六世，第三卷（HenryVI,part3）亨利八世（HenryVIII）约翰国王（KingJohn）理查德二世（RichardII）理查德三世（RichardIII） 3)ComedyThemerchantofVenicemidsummernight"sdreamhappytwelfthnight Comedies错中错(TheComedyofErrors)皆大欢喜(All"sWellThatEndsWell)如愿(AsYouLikeIt)仲夏夜梦(AMidsummerNight"sDream)无事生非(MuchAdoAboutNothing)一报还一报(MeasureforMeasure第十二夜(TwelfthNightorWhatYouWill)威尼斯商人(TheMerchantofVenice)空爱一场(Love"sLabor"sLost)冬天的故事(TheWinter"sTale) 威尼斯商人第十二夜 TheMerchantofVenice剧情：有一个十五世纪威尼斯的正直商人安东尼奥，跟高利贷犹太商人夏洛克对立。某日，安东尼奥因出海向夏洛克借款。后者为报复安东尼奥借钱不要利息而影响自己利益的举措，定下奇特契约：不还钱就还肉。结果安东尼奥的商队在海上出事而无法还钱。在法院的夏洛克准备好刀子，等着安东尼奥的肉。假装律师的波莎以割肉不能流血，否则血债血偿的理由，粉碎了夏洛克的阴谋。夏洛克破产，安东尼奥东山再起。ThecharacterofShylockhasraisedadebateoverwhethertheplayshouldbecondemnedasanti-Semitic,andthiscontroversyhasovershadowedmanyotheraspectsoftheplay.Theplotinvolvesavengeful,greedycreditor,Shylock,aJewishmoney-lenderShylockwhoseeksaliteralpoundoffleshfromhisChristianopposite,thegenerous,faithfulAntonio.Shakespeare"sversionofthechest-choosingdevicerevolvesaroundtheplay"sChristianheroine,Portia,whosteersherloverBassaniotowardthecorrecthumblecasketandthensuccessfullydefendshisbosomfriendAntoniofromShylock"shorridlegalsuit.Shylock,isaJewwhosebeloveddaughterislosttohimwhensheelopeswithamanwhobelongstoavirulentlyanti-Semiticsociety.Whengrief,angerandvengeanceovercomecommonsenseheendsupliterallyforcedtohiskneestorenouncehisfaithandhisfortune. 4)TragedyHamletOthelloMacbethkingLear Tragedies罗密欧与朱丽叶(RomeoandJuliet)麦克白(Macbeth)李尔王(KingLear)哈姆雷特(Hamlet)奥赛罗(Othello)考利欧雷诺斯(Coriolanus)特洛伊勒斯与克芮丝德(TroilusandCressida)雅典的泰蒙(TimonofAthens)诗 李尔王哈姆雷特 ThesummitofShakespeare’sartHamletTobeornottobe:thatisthequestion.Meaning:Isitpossibleornot?Ishealiveornot?Uneasyliestheheadthatwearsacrown.Meaning:Thelifeofleadersisn’teasy.Havingmanyresponsibilities,leadersoftencan’tsleepwell. “Tobe,ornottobe"comesfromHamlet,actthree,sceneone.Itisoneofthemostfamousquotationsinworldliteratureandthebest-knownofthisparticularplay. Theplay,setinDenmark,recountshowPrinceHamletexactsrevengeonhisuncleClaudius,whohasmurderedHamlet"sfather,theKing,andthentakenthethroneandmarriedGertrude,Hamlet"smother.Theplayvividlychartsthecourseofrealandfeignedmadness—fromoverwhelminggrieftoseethingrage—andexploresthemesoftreachery,revenge,incest,andmoralcorruption.仇恨，愤怒，荣誉，尊严，…… HamletType:RevengeTragedy,復仇悲劇RomanticTragedy浪漫悲劇Time:c.1200Locale:Elsinore(艾西諾),DenmarkFirstpresented:1602 PrincipalCharactersinHamletClaudius克劳迪斯KingofDenmarkHamlet哈姆雷特SontotheformerKingandNephewtothepresentKingGertrude乔特鲁德QueenofDenmark,andMotherofHamletPolonius波洛涅斯LordChamberlain（御前大臣）Laertes雷欧提斯SontoPoloniusOphelia奥菲莉娅DaughtertoPoloniusGhost（KingHamlet）鬼魂Hamlet"sFatherHoratio霍拉旭FriendtoHamlet Claudiusisshrewd精明andable干练,thoughnotalwaysethical伦理ormoral道德,Hamletdescribesthecontestofintelligenceandwillbetweenthemasthatof""mightyopposites""(V.ii.62).克劳狄斯形象：集合封建主和暴君的残忍，阴谋家的野心和阴险，封建统治者和资产阶级阴谋家于一身，代表文艺复兴新旧交替时期的所有罪恶。 Gertrudeisanegativecharacterinplay“Hamlet”.Butthisarticlebelievesthatsheisaweakbutbravefemininecharacter:shelivedinaweaksocialsurroundingsbutshehasbravecharacter.Duetotheprotectionforherson,shehasdevotedherreputationevenherpersonnallife.关键词：柔弱 勇敢 母亲 Laertesisoftenportrayedbyseeminglyhumbleactorsofthescreen,togivealoyal,wholesomeappealtothecharacter.波洛涅斯的儿子。为了父亲和妹妹的死用剑杀死了哈姆雷特。他也死在哈姆雷特的毒剑下，尽管当时哈姆雷特没有意识到剑是带毒的。 OfallthepivotalcharactersinHamlet,Opheliaisthemoststatic稳定andone-dimensional没有深度的.Shehasthepotentialtobecomeatragicheroine--toovercometheadversitiesinflicteduponher--butsheinsteadcrumbles崩溃intoinsanity,becomingmerelytragic.ThisisbecauseOpheliaherselfisnotasimportantasherrepresentationofthedualnatureofwomenintheplay.Ophelia‘sdistinctpurposeistoshowatonceHamlet’swarped歪曲viewofwomenascallous冷酷无情的sexualpredators,andtheinnocenceandvirtueofwomen.关键词：悲情人物 HamletisaclassicexampleofatragedywrittenbyWilliamShakespeare.Ineverytragedy,thecharactersmustdisplaysome.Ifeveryactioniscontrolledbyahero"sdestiny,thenthehero"sdeathcan"tbeavoidedandin"Hamlet"thesadpartisthatitcould.Hamlet"sdeathcouldhavebeenavoidedmanytimes.HehadmanyopportunitiestokillClaudius,buthedidnottakeadvantageofthem.Heiscalledavacillating(优柔寡断)man.However,inmyopinion,vacillationcanneverberemovedfromHamlet.Thatisthelogicalresult.ItisthesenseofworththatmakesHamletvacillating. ShakespearetookacertainstoryofPrinceAmlethfromoldsourceswhichcanbetracedtothe12thcentury.He,however,wasnotthefirsttodramatizeHamlet’shistory.Intheeighties,aplaythatborethesamenamegainedpopularityamongtheEnglishpublic.ThomasKydissupposedtohavebeentheauthorofthisplay.ThewholetragedyispermeatedwiththespiritofShakespeare’sowntime.Hamletistheprofoundestexpressionofhishumanismandhiscriticismofcontemporarylife. Whichplayshowsthispicture? Yes,it’sKingLearTheplayisbasedonthelegendofLeirofBritain,amythological(神话的)pre-RomanCelticking.Ithasbeenwidelyadaptedforstageandscreen,withthepartofLearplayedbymanyoftheworld"smostaccomplishedactors. KingLearmournsCordelia"sdeathThetragicending: 5）Tragicomedy(straightpart)RomeoandJuliet Tragicomedy:Pureformsoftragedyandcomedyhaverarelyappearedinmoderndrama.MostBritishandAmericanplaysoffersomemixtureofthetwoforms.Whenthepatternsandemotionsaremixed,theplayiscalledatragicomedy. 罗密欧与朱丽叶 Thetragiclovers:RomeoandJulietRomeoandJulietisatragedywrittenearlyinthecareerofplaywrightWilliamShakespeareabouttwoyoung"star-cross"dlovers"[1]whosedeathsultimatelyunitetheirfeudingfamilies.ItwasamongShakespeare"smostpopularplaysduringhislifetimeand,alongwithHamletandMacbeth,isoneofhismostfrequentlyperformedplays.Today,thetitlecharactersareregardedasarchetypalyounglovers. Thetragicending:RomeoandJulietbelongstoatraditionoftragicromancesstretchingbacktoantiquity.ItsplotisbasedonanItaliantale,translatedintoverseasTheTragicalHistoryofRomeusandJulietbyArthurBrookein1562,andretoldinproseinPalaceofPleasurebyWilliamPainterin1582.Shakespeareborrowedheavilyfromboth,butdevelopedsupportingcharacters,particularlyMercutioandParis,inordertoexpandtheplot. Tips:1.Tobeornottobe，that‘saquestion.生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题2.Betterawittyfoolthanafoolishwit.宁为聪明的愚夫，不作愚蠢的才子。3.Cowardsbeforedeath,ingoodtimesalreadydead,Thevaliantonlyonceineverything,diedinpeople"safraidtodieisamoststrangethings.懦夫在未死以前，就已经死了好多次；勇士一生只死一次，在一切怪事中，人们的贪生怕死就是一件最奇怪的事情。