国际商务沟通英文PPT4.ppt 31页

Chapter4CulturalShock TopicsStagesofCulturalShockAlleviatingCulturalShockAspectsofCulturalShockRelationshipsandFamilyConsiderationsPublicandPrivateSelf2©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall Culturalshockisthetraumayouexperiencewhenyoumoveintoaculturedifferentfromyourhomeculturefrustrationsmayinclude-lackoffood-unacceptablestandardsofcleanlinessdifferentbathroomfacilitiesfearforpersonalsafetyTopics3©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall Cultureshockincludes-hearingyesforno-havingtobargain-havinglaughterusedforanger4©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall OnherfirstdayofteachingatthelocaluniversityinLaPaz,Bolivia,KatherineMontagueofAtlanta,Georgia,askeddirectionstotheladies’room.Uponentering,sheobservedthreemalesusingurinalsandmadeahastyretreat.AfterherU.S.colleaguesexplainedthatallrestroomswereunisex,Katherinedecidedtotakeataxitoherhotel.5©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall MajorSymptomsofCulturalShockHomesicknessBoredomWithdrawal(avoidingcontactwithhostnationals)NeedforexcessiveamountsofsleepCompulsiveeating/drinkingIrritabilityExaggeratedcleanliness6©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall MaritalstressFamilytensionandconflictChauvinisticexcessesStereotypingofhostnationalsHostilitytowardhostnationalsLossofabilitytoworkeffectivelyUnexplainablefitsofweepingPhysicalailments(psychosomaticillnesses)7©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall AsiaShockhasfiveprogressivestages:Frustrationwiththeculture,whichincludesthelanguage,food,andanexasperationwithlocalcustoms.Unwillingnesstounderstandtherationalebehindthelocalwaysofdoingthings.Ethnocentricity;U.S.personslabelAsiansasdishonestbecausetheysayonethinganddoanother;considerface-savingasdishonest.Racism–useofunflatteringlabelsforAsians(Japs).Avoidanceoftheculture;U.S.personsformclubsratherthaninterminglewithpeopleoftheculture.8©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall StrategiesforCopingwithaNewCultureDuringShortVisitsNonacceptanceofthehostculture;travelerbehavesashe/shewouldinthehomeculture.Substitution-Thetravelerlearnstheappropriateresponses/behaviorsinthehostcultureandsubstitutestheseresponses/behaviorsfortheonesordinarilyusedinthehomeculture.9©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall Addition-Thepersonaddsthebehaviorofthehostculturewheninthepresenceofnationalsbutmaintainsthehomeculturebehaviorwithothersofthesameculture.Synthesis-Integratesorcombineselementsofthetwocultures,suchascombiningU.S.dressandthatofthePhilippines.10©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall Resynthesis-Theintegrationofideasnotfoundineitherculture(U.S.travelertoChinachoosestoeatneitherAmericannorChinesefood,butprefersItalian).11©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall StagesofCulturalShockStage1:Excitementandfascinationwiththenewculture;the"honeymoon"stage.Stage2:Crisisordisenchantmentperiod;excitementhasturnedtodisappointment.Stage3:Adjustmentphase;youbegintoacceptthenewculture,trynewfoods,seethehumorinsituations.Stage4:Acceptanceoradaptationphase;feelathomeinthenewcultureandbecomeinvolvedinactivitiesoftheculture.Stage5:Reentryshock;followsthestagesidentifiedearlier:initialeuphoria,crisisordisenchantment,adjustment,andadaptation.12©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall U-CurveHoneymoonCrisisAdjustmentAcceptanceReentry13©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall W-CurveTheoryofculturalshockthatexplainsthatreentryactuallytakestheformofasecondU-curve(thusforminga“W”)witharepetitionofthestagesexperiencedduringinitialadjustmenttotheforeignculture.14©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall ProblemsRelatedtoReentryShockFindinganewnicheinthecorporatestructureathome.Adjustingtolowerstandardsofliving.Problemsreestablishingpersonalandprofessionalrelationships.Dealingwithreadjustmentproblemsofchildren,includingthedifferenceintheireducationalexperienceabroad.15©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall RepatriationReturneeexpectations—realisticpositionsReturneefeelingsofalienationandisolationcancausetraumaReturneecanfeelculturaldissonancecausedbypersonnelchangesnewcompanypoliciesandproceduresdifferentperformancevaluationmethodsdifferentbenefitsandcompensationdifferentjobresponsibilities16©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall ReplacetheGoldenRule(Dountoothersasyouwouldhavethemdountoyou)withThePlatinumRule(Dountoothersastheywouldhavedoneuntothem).Toalleviateculturalshock,trytoseetheenvironmentfromtheperspectiveofthehostnationals.17©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall AlleviatingCulturalShockbyCarefulSelectionofOverseasPersonnelSensitive,cooperative,abletocompromiseOpentoothers"opinionsReactiontonewsituations;appreciationofculturaldifferencesUnderstandingofownvaluesandaware-nessofvaluesinotherculturesReactiontocriticismUnderstandingofU.S.governmentsystemAbilitytodevelopcontactsinnewculturePatienceandresiliency18©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall TrainingModelsIntellectualorclassroommodel-involvesgivingfactsaboutthehostcountryusingavarietyofinstructionalmethodsAreatrainingorsimulationmodel-emphasizesaffectivegoals,culturespecificcontent,andexperientialprocessesSelf-awarenessorhumanrelationsmodel-basedontheassumptionthatthetraineewithself-understandingwillbemoreeffectiveintheoverseasassignment19©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall Culturalawarenessmodel-emphasizesculturalinsightandstressesaffectivegoalsandanexperientialprocessInteractionapproach-participantsinteractwithpeopleinthehostcountryMultidimensionalapproach-attemptstocombinecognitive,affective,andbehavioralaspectsoftraining20©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall FeedbackandRewardsAppraisalandrewardsystemmustreflectthepurposeandexpectationsoftheassignment(profitorbuildingapresenceinthecountry).Rewardsystemsincludespecialallowancesforhousing,hardship,homeleave,medical,taxes,etc.RewardsystemmustcompensateforwhatU.S.personsareleavingbehindandmustbebasedontheideaofequity(theratiobetweenwhatiscontributedandwhatisreceived).21©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall DevelopingEmployeestoTheirPotentialPlanforrepatriation,includingreasonsfortheassignmentandhowtheemployeewillcontributetothecompanyuponhis/herreturn.Allowadequatetimeforreadjustmentbeforeemployeereportstowork.Provideappropriatecompensationfortransitionexpenses.Assistinlocatingproperhousing.Showappreciationtofamilyfortheircontributions.22©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall SuccessorFailureDueTo:Self-efficacyPriorinternationalexperienceAgeCross-culturalfluencyInterpersonalskillsFlexibilityCulturalsensitivityAdaptability23©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall AspectsofCulturalShockCulturalStress-alleviatestressbyreadinguponthecountry,studyingthelanguage,andbecomingawareofcustomsandtraditionsintheculture.SocialAlienation-cultivatefriendshipswithpersonsfromhomeandhostcultures;includehostnationalsinsocialevents.24©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall SocialClassandPoverty-WealthExtremes-mentorsinhostculturecanbehelpfulinadvisingU.S.personsregardingacceptablewaysofdealingwithpoverty-wealthextremes.FinancialInformation-shouldbeprovidedbeforegoingtotheculture;alsofinancialcounselingbeforereentry.25©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall RelationshipsandFamilyConsiderationsSpouseorfamilymemberwhocannotadaptFamilytrainingtominimizeadjustmentsEncouragechildrentodiscusstheiranxietiesandfears26©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall TheJohariWindowThepublicselfmayincludeinformationaboutaperson’swork,family,andinterests.ThepublicselfissmallfortheJapanese;itislargeforU.S.persons.Theprivateselfmayincludefeelings,personalinformation,andopinions.TheprivateselfislargefortheJapanese;itissmallforU.S.persons.27©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall PublicandPrivateSelfTheJohariWindowThingsIKnowThingsIDon’tKnowThingsOthersKnowThingsOthersDon’tKnowArenaBlindSpotHiddenUnknown28©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall "Oneofthebyproductsofasuccessfuladjustmenttothehostcultureisthatouroldnotionsofourculturewillneveragainbethesame.AfteronelivesforawhileinSwitzerlandorGermany,theU.S.nolongerseemstobetheepitomeofcleanliness;whencomparedtotheJapanese,thetypicalAmericanseemsloudandboisterous;afterastintinadevelopingnation,peopleintheU.S.seemrushedandimpersonal.Somehowhomeisn"twhatonehadremembered."29©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall “Uponreturn,U.S.peopleencounterfriends,colleagues,neighbors,andrelativescomplainingbitterlythattheyareunabletofindatthegrocerystorethecorrectcoloroftoilettissueforthedownstairsbathroom.Suchcomplaintsstirup(1)considerableangerathowunawareandunappreciativemostNorthAmericansareoftheirownmaterialwell-being,and(2)guiltforhavingmouthedmanyofthesesameinsanecomplaintsatanearliertime.”30©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.31©2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall